Data Collection Questionnaire
MEDA DATABASE ON
TRANSBOUNBDARY AQUIFERS Version
2.1.1 3/09/07 (ESCWA-UNESCO-UNECA-UNECE)
QUESTIONNAIRE
ON TRANSBOUNDARY AQUIFERS IN THE MEDA REGION
Please complete using Word
document format.
Please complete a separate questionnaire
for each aquifer
Please return by e-mail to: al-mooji@un.org and R.Stephan@unesco.org with copies to: iganouli@civil.auth.gr and a.aureli@unesco.org, by 31st August 2007.
1.
NAME OF THE TRANSBOUNDARY
AQUIFER, LOCATION & COUNTRIES
Please give the name(s) or other
identification property of the shared aquifer, its approximate location
(province, department) and say which countries share it.
The Coastal Aquifer, shared between
2.
AQUIFER CHARACTERISTICS
2. 1 Please look at the
four simplified pictures below and indicate which of them most closely
characterises your transboundary aquifer. If none, please provide a conceptual
sketch of your transboundary aquifer in the blank box below.
Please tick: Example 1 2 3 4 5
Simplified
Hydrological Section Across the
General Characteristics
Aquifer
hydrogeological type porous karstic
fissured rock
other
Predominant lithology........Limestone..........................................................................................……….
Stratigraphic age…… Teritiary
-Quaternary……………………………………………….
Areal extent (km2) 365km2
inside the West Bank and 535 km2... inside
Population
resident in this area and main occupation……1.5 million in
Thickness: mean (m)..200...........
maximum (m)..250.............
Shared
international boundary length (km)…70 Km………………………… Dominant groundwater flow direction: from.. ....
Link
with surface water systems:
Strong medium
weak
2.3 Map
Please provide a clear map of the
transboundary aquifer, including aquifer boundaries and geographical coordinates.
The map should preferably be supplied as a GIS-file
2.4 Hydrogeological
Characteristics and Groundwater Use
Rainfall:
average annual and seasonal distribution ………average annual
rainfall is ……400 mm, min
Recharge
/ discharge area
The coastal Aquifer extends along side the
Mediterranean Sea for
The Width of aquifer varies between
7 to
Because the aquifer is mainly shallow sandstone it
is considered an area of recharge/discharge with the following balance in
·
Recharge from rainfall (wirhen
·
Lateral inflow from
·
Return flow from agriculture,waste
water, pipeleakage=30 Mcm/yr
·
Well abstractions=150 Mcm/yr
·
Deficit=60 Mcm/yr
Level changes (m/yr) – natural, induced by pumping, or other
reasons Natural:0.1 m/yr
Included by pumping 1m/yr
Discharge areas: a few meters due to high rainfall
events in 91/92, water level increases 8-
Total
available non- renewable groundwater reserves (Mm3/yr): …N/A…………………
Total
available annually renewable groundwater resources (Mm3/yr):50…………………
Total groundwater abstractions
(Mm3/yr) (estimated where not measured) …150……………………
Flow in/out across national
boundary (Mm3/yr)……15………………………….
Groundwater
flow direction and gradient across boundary…Northeast-Southwest
Water
uses (total, by sector, principal uses, current - estimated and future
-projected)…
Total:
400
Uses |
|
|
Agriculture |
70 |
No
Data |
Domestic |
80 |
Principal use:agricultural
and demostic
|
|
|
Current use (Mcm/yr) |
150 |
No
Data |
Projected use (Mcm/yr) |
250 |
Deficits and other resource concerns (e.g. quality,
extremes, environmental degradation, interactions withsurface water bodies /
other aquifers)
Deficits and Concerns
1.
Over pumping and mismanagement of
aquifer by Israelis and Palestinians..
2.
Sewage pollution of dumping untreated
sewage in wadies over the outcrops of the aquifer.
3.
Severe Salinity problems (saltwater
intrusion and
4.
Heavey agrochemical pollution
3. MONITORING DATA
Please note that stakeholders should comply
with the WMO Resolution 25 on international exchange of hydrological and
related data. (http://www.wmo.ch/index-en.html). If appropriate insert Excel tables into the
Word document in order to provide information and available data on quantity,
quality and accessibility, including:
·
Observation networks
·
Maps, with
available scales, GIS and remote sensing imagery
·
Type of data and
monitoring equipment
·
Data archives and
their adequacy
·
Institutions in
charge
·
Research centres
3.1 Quantity
·
No. of monitoring stations
·
Frequency of
measurements ………………………… See Report
·
Water levels
·
Additional
information
3.2 Quality
·
No. of monitoring sites
·
Frequency of
measurements
·
Nitrogen compounds
·
Salinity and major
ions
·
Heavy metals
·
Pesticides
·
Industrial organic
compounds
4.
IMPORTANCE OF TRANSBOUNDARY GROUNDWATERS Uses and Functions
Does
the groundwater in this transboundary aquifer have direct uses and/or other
functions?
No |
|
Why not? |
Irrelevant groundwater resource |
||
or: |
|
|
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Problems with groundwater (if yes, indicate these
in section 5) |
|
Yes |
|
Uses |
Shared Aquifer Groundwater as 35 % of total water
use in the area Total Shared
Groundwater as % of total water use
Total Groundwater as % of total water use |
||
… |
|
|
|
||
|
|
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Other functions |
Support of ecosystems
Support of agriculture
(directly from shallow water table) Preventing land subsidence Maintaining baseflow and springs Seasonal
heatstorage Any other function (please specify) |
|
Groundwater
abstraction and use in the aquifer
Indicate in the table the percentage of total
groundwater abstraction accounted for by each
use
Type of use |
Percentage |
If you do not know the exact percentage,
than mark one of the following options |
|||
< 25 % |
25 – 50 % |
50 – 75 % |
>
75 % |
||
Drinking water |
53 |
|
|
* |
|
Irrigation |
47 |
|
* |
|
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Industry |
0 |
|
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Mining |
0 |
|
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Thermal spa |
0 |
|
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Livestock |
negligible |
|
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|
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Other (please specify) |
|
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Please
indicate the year to which these figures apply...Average 80-98).............
5. WHICH
PROBLEMS ARE OBSERVED IN TRANSBOUNDARY GROUNDWATERS?
5.1 |
Problems related
to groundwater quantity |
a)
|
Specify if possible the average
trend of groundwater level decline (m/year)..0.5-1 m/yr |
b)
|
Indicate in the table the type
and scale of problem associated with groundwater abstraction |
|
from the aquifer |
Problem |
Increasing scale of
problem |
|
||
1. Local and moderate |
2. Local but severe |
3. Widespread but moderate |
4. Widespread and severe |
|
Increased pumping lifts or costs |
* |
|
|
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Reduction of borehole yields |
|
* |
|
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Reduced baseflow and springflow |
|
|
|
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Degradation of ecosystems |
|
|
* |
|
Sea water intrusion |
|
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|
* |
Salt water upconing/downconing |
* |
|
|
* |
Polluted water drawn into aquifer |
|
|
|
* |
Land subsidence |
* |
|
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Other (please specify)
|
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5.2 Problems related to
groundwater quality
Indicate
in the table the type, nature and scale of groundwater quality problems in the
aquifer
Problem |
Nature of problem |
Typical range of
concentrations Mg/l |
Scale, using
classes 1-4 from table above |
|
Natural origins |
From human
activities |
|||
Salinisation |
* |
|
Ø 2000 |
3-4 |
Nitrogen species |
|
* |
N/A |
|
Pesticides |
|
* |
N/A |
|
Heavy metals |
|
* |
N/A |
|
Pathogens |
|
|
N/A |
|
Industrial organic compounds |
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|
N/A |
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Hydrocarbons |
|
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N/A |
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Other (please specify) |
|
N/A |
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5.3 Evidence for
transboundary effects
a) Do you observe any decline of groundwater
levels (or piezometric levels) caused or probably
caused by activities in neighbouring countries? Yes
b) Do you observe any groundwater pollution caused or probably
caused by activities in neighbouring countries? Yes No
6. TRANSBOUNDARY
MANAGEMENT MEASURES
Indicate in the table which
measures are presently being implemented or need to be applied
Management Measures
|
Already used and
effective |
Used, but Need to
be improved |
Need to be applied |
Currently planned |
Transboundary institutions (commissions,
agreements, treaties, etc.) |
|
|
* |
|
Groundwater abstraction management by
regulation (licensing, taxation) |
|
|
* |
|
Groundwater abstraction management by
incentives or disincentives (subsidies, credits, energy prices, energy
supply, etc.) |
|
|
* |
|
Increasing efficiency of groundwater use |
|
|
* |
|
Monitoring of groundwater quantity |
|
|
* |
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Monitoring of groundwater quality |
|
|
* |
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Public awareness campaigns |
|
|
* |
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Protection zones for public supplies |
|
|
* |
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Vulnerability mapping for land use
planning |
|
|
* |
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Good agricultural practices |
|
|
* |
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Groundwater integrated into river basin
management |
|
|
* |
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Wastewater reuse or artificial recharge |
|
|
* |
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Treatment of urban wastewater |
|
|
* |
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Treatment of industrial effluents |
|
|
* |
|
Exchange of data between countries |
|
|
* |
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Other (please specify) |
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7. POLICY AND LEGISLATIVE PROPERTIES
Do you know of any
cooperation between riparian states on transbounday aquifers? Is there any
agreement regarding a transboundary aquifer in your region? NO
8. NAME AND CONTACT DETAILS OF PERSON(S) COMPLETING
THIS FORM:
Name……Amjad Aliewi & Jumana Abu Sada………………………………………
Institution……House
of Water and Environment (HWE)…………………………………………
Address…
Al Sharafeh – Al
Bireh
Ramallah-Palestine
P.O
Tel: +972 0r (+970)
2 240 1776, Fax: +972 0r (+970) 2 240 68 48
E-mail: Amjad.aliewi@hwe.org.ps, jumana.abusada@hwe.org.ps